Primitive Entity Type

Judy

The following forms in CG and IFF represent the English phrase taken from the 1984 book b John Sowa entitled "Conceptual Structures" (ISBN 0-201-14472-7).

“the person named Judy”

CG

Conceptual Graph Display Form

Normal Form	Abbreviated Form

Conceptual Graph Linear Form

[Person:#3074]<-(Name)->["Judy"]

or

[Person:Judy#3074]

IFF

Model

(abbreviated form)

<Person name="Judy" id="3074"/>

bar

The following forms in CG and IFF represent the English phrase taken from the 1984 book by John Sowa entitled "Conceptual Structures" (ISBN 0-201-14472-7).

“a bar with a length with a measure named 25.4 cm”

CG

Conceptual Graph Display Form

Conceptual Graph Linear Form

[Bar]<-(Chrc)->[Length]<-(Meas)->[Measure]->(Name)->["25.4 cm"]

IFF

Model

We have changed the name relation to two attributes of the Measure type: a value and a unit (of measure). The value attribute has codomain type Real, which is the primitive data type of real numbers. The unit attribute has codomain type Unit, which is a controlled vocabulary. Controlled vocabularies are treated appropriately in IFF. The ontology is not represented here. Two IFF forms are possible (and equivalent) - expressed with the classifications in a model or with an IFF expression. The model form is the more normal networked information resource interchange format, whereas the expression form is a more logical representation - IFF expressions correspond to conceptual graphs.

IFF Model	IFF Expression
<Bar> <length> <Measure> <value val="Real#25.4"/> <unit val="Unit.Metric.cm"/> </Measure> </length> </Bar>	<Expression> <Exists var="bar" entity=“Bar"/> <Exists var="len" entity=“Length"/> <and argcnt="2"> <chrc src="bar" tgt="len"/> <meas src="len"/> <Measure> <value tgt="Real#25.4"/> <unit tgt="Unit.Metric.cm"/> </Measure> </meas> </and> </Exists> </Exists> </Expression>

ExecutiveOfficer#grove

The IFF code in this section represents the following natural language description.

“Andrew S. Grove is chairman of Intel Corporation. He was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1936. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1960 with a Bachelor of Chemical Engineering degree and received his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. Upon graduation, he joined the Research and Development Laboratory of Fairchild Semiconductor and became Assistant Director of Research and Development in 1967. In 1979 he was named its President of Intel Corporation, in 1987 he was named Chief Executive Officer, and in May 1997, he was named Chairman and CEO. His latest book, ‘Only the Paranoid Survive,’ was published by Doubleday in September 1996. In December 1997 Dr. Grove was named Time Magazine's ‘Man of the Year.’ ”

IFF

Language

(located at the fictitious address http://www.intel.com/Language/)

(standard form)

<IFF>

<Language id="Intel" version="1.0">

<comment>The ontological language for Intel Corporation.</comment>

<extends href="http://www.ontologos.org/IFF/Language/"/>

<extends language="BibTeX" href="http://www.bibtex.org/Language/"/>

<extends language="UNIV" href="http://www.univ.org/Language/"/>

...

<Object name="Executive_Officer">

<Relation name="position" target="String"/>

<Function name="birth.year" target="Date"/>

<Function name="birth.city" target="Date"/>

</Object>

...

<Relation name="award">

<sign pos="1" name="person" entity=“Employee"/>

<sign pos="2" name="organization" entity=“Corporation"/>

<sign pos="3" name="title" entity=“String"/>

<sign pos="4" name="date" entity=“Date"/>

</Relation>

...

</Language>

</IFF>

Model

(mixture of standard and abbreviated forms)

<IFF>

<Model language="http://www.intel.com/Language/">

<Classification kind="ent">

...

<Individual classification="Executive_Officer"

id="grove"

about value="http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/grove.htm"

name="Andrew S. Grove"

picture="http://www.intel.com/pressroom/images/bios/grove.gif"

/>

<comment>Andrew S. Grove is chairman of Intel Corporation.</comment>

...

</Classification>

<Classification kind="rel">

...

<position source="grove" target="Chairman"/>

<birth.date source="grove" target="1936"/>

<birth.city source="grove" target="Budapest"/>

...

<Record classification="award">

<arg pos="1" value="grove"/>

<arg pos="2" value="Corporation#Time_Magazine"/>

<arg pos="3">Man of the Year</arg>

<arg pos="4" value="1997"/>

</Record>

...

</Classification>

</Model>

</IFF>

Corporation#NYSE.DAL

The IFF code in this section represents the description of an instance of the Commerce & Industry ontological language – the Corporation Delta Airlines.

“Delta Air Lines is the nation's third-largest airline (after UAL's United and AMR's American). Leo F. Mullin is President and Chief Executive Officer for Delta Air Lines at its world headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock ticker symbol on the NYSE is `DAL.' In 1998 its Fortune 500 revenue ranking is 101. The 1997 sales for Delta was $M13,590. Its 1997 net was $M854. Delta Air Lines had 63,441 employees in 1997.”

IFF

Language

(located at the fictitious address http://www.Commerce&Industry.com/Language/)

<IFF>

<Language id="Commerce-Industry" version="1.0">

<comment>The commerce and industry ontology</comment>

<extends href="http://www.ontologos.org/IFF/Language/"/>

...

</Language>

</IFF>

Model

<IFF>

<Model language="http://www.Commerce&Industry.com/Language/">

<Classification kind="ent">

...

<Company id="NYSE.DAL"

about="http://www.delta-air.com/"

name="Delta Air Lines"

picture="http://www.delta-air.com/home/Images/top.gif"/>

<comment>

Delta Air Lines is the nation's third-largest airline

(after UAL's United and AMR's American). It flies to about 150 cities

across the US and to more than 40 cities in 25 other countries. Its

hubs include Atlanta, Dallas-Fort Worth, Cincinnati, and Salt Lake

City. The company has built up a low-fare regional carrier service

and owns 38% of computer reservation service WORLDSPAN (TWA and

Northwest Airlines, among others, own the rest). It also has minority

stakes in three regional carriers. With a new CEO hired to turn around

Delta's image, the carrier is focusing on transatlantic operations and

attracting more business passengers.

</comment>

...

</Classification>

<Classification kind="rel">

...

<sector source="NYSE.DAL" target="Transportation"/>

<industry source="NYSE.DAL" target="Airline"/>

<location source="NYSE.DAL" target="City#Atlanta"/>

<ceo source="NYSE.DAL">Leo F. Mullin</ceo>

<founded source="NYSE.DAL" target="Year#1924"/>

<competitor source="NYSE.DAL" target="NYSE.AMR"/>

<competitor source="NYSE.DAL" target="Nasdaq.NWAC"/>

<competitor source="NYSE.DAL" target="NYSE.UAL"/>

<employees>

<company value="NYSE.DAL"/>

<number value="Natno#63441"/>

<year value="Year#1997"/>

</employees>

<fortune500>

<company value="NYSE.DAL"/>

<kind value="revenue"/>

<ranking value="Natno#101/>

<year value="Year#1998"/>

</fortune500>

<sales>

<company value="NYSE.DAL"/>

<amount value="Natno#13590/>

<year value="Year#1997"/>

</sales>

<net>

<company val="NYSE.DAL"/>

<amount value="Natno#854/>

<year value="Year#1997"/>

</net>

...

</Classification>

</Model>

</IFF>

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Please send questions, comments and suggestions about this page to: Robert E. Kent rekent@ontologos.org

Copyright © 2000 TOC (The Ontology Consortium). All rights reserved. Revised: July 2000